Security deposits are a routine part of the landlord–tenant relationship, but the rules governing their return in the District of Columbia are strict. The requirements are set out in 14 DCMR § 309, and landlords should pay close attention to the timelines involved.

Two critical deadlines apply: 45 days and 30 days.

The 45-Day Deadline After Move-Out

Once a tenancy ends, a landlord has 45 days to either return the full deposit with interest or provide written notice of an intent to withhold funds for allowable expenses.

The 30-Day Deadline for Itemization

If withholding any portion of the deposit, the landlord must, within 30 days of the notice, refund the remaining balance and provide an itemized statement of all deductions.

Consequences of Missing the Deadlines

Failure to meet these requirements creates prima facie evidence that the tenant is entitled to the full deposit plus interest. This presumption is rebuttable, but the landlord is in a weaker position because the burden shifts to them.

In cases of bad faith withholding, landlords may face liability for treble damages.

Practical Steps for Compliance

Landlords should document property conditions, maintain repair records, track deadlines carefully, and communicate all decisions in writing to ensure compliance and reduce disputes.

Contact a qualified landlord-tenant attorney in Washington, D.C. for more detailed information.